Phew! Let's run through an example.
15 September 1998
Step 1 — Find the year's Doomsday
Century1900s → anchor day is Wednesday
Last 2 digits98
Odd?98 is even → no change
÷ 298 ÷ 2 = 49
Odd?49 is odd → +11 = 60
mod 760 mod 7 = 4
Complement7 − 4 = 3
DoomsdayDoomsday falls 3 days after Wednesday, the 1900s anchor
Doomsday 1998 → Saturday
Step 2 — Find the nearest key date
The closest key date to 15 September is 5 September ("working 9-to-5"), which is 10 days before our target — and like every key date, it falls on the year's Doomsday: Saturday.
Step 3 — Count forward
Our target is 10 days after that key date. That's one whole week plus 3 more days... Sat → Sun → Mon → Tue.
15 September 1998 was a Tuesday ✓
That's the whole method, start to finish. Time to make detective.